Fabrication, optimization and characterization of natural. The cells are tested under varying resistance loads and varying light levels. As a simplification, one can imagine bringing a layer of ntype silicon into direct contact with a layer of ptype silicon. Understanding the currentvoltage characteristics of. Nov 08, 2011 solar cell efficiency the efficiency of a solar cell sometimes known as the power conversion efficiency, or pce, and also often abbreviated. From figure 1, it is clear that the current i that flows to the external circuit is i isc aebv 1. The photovoltaic pv effect is the basis of the conver sion of lightto electricityin photovoltaic, or solar, cells.
Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using. Various photovoltaic pv solar cell technologies are currently being developed in three. Knowing the electrical iv characteristics more importantly p max of a solar cell, or panel is critical in determining the devices output performance and. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Effects of temperature and internal resistances on cell efficiency 7. The amorphous word with respect to solar cell means that the comprising silicon material of the cell lacks a definite arrangement of atoms in the lattice, noncrystalline structure, or not highly structured. A typical iv curve and power curve of a solar cell fig 4. The solar cell traps all the electrons released by the silicon and pushes them in one direction, which creates an electric current. A complete bulk heterojunction organic solar cell is pictured in figure 5. Ppt on solar cell free download as powerpoint presentation. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. Electrical characteristics of solar panels pv modules alte.
We give the upper limit to the solar cell e ciency. Pv characterization lab purpose in this lab you will measure the current versus voltage for several photovoltaic cells using computer probeware. Solar energy, radiation from the sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. Solar cells are a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics such as current, voltage, or resistance. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. Solar cell iv characteristic and the solar cell iv curve. Alternative methods of solar energy are discussed in part v. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun. The most commonly known solar cell is configured as a largearea pn junction made from silicon. Lecture 3 types of solar cells experiment 3 generations. The cells were attached to a levered plane with a protractor that acted like a seesaw to adjust the angle of the solar cells to the sun. During the solar cell energy lab three flexible solar cells were combined in series and exposed to solar radiation at different angles in one axis of rotation. Specific performance characteristics of solar cells are summarized, while the methods and equipment used for measuring these characteristics are emphasized. Every model of solar panel has unique performance characteristics which can be graphically represented in a chart.
A commonly used parameter that characterizes a solar cell is the fill factor, ff, which is defined as the ratio of p max to the area of the rectangle formed by v oc and i sc. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics. Breitenstein max planck institute of microstructure physics, 2 weinberg, d. Jan 27, 2017 the solar cells photovoltic performance in terms of efficiency, voltage, and current was tested with a standard illumination of airmass 1. Apr 01, 2020 solar cell converts light energy into the electrical energy. Application of pn junctions within solar cells is discussed. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics,such as current,voltage,or. V principle of solar cell v current generation v iv characteristic of an illuminated pn junction v physical process of solar cell v iv characteristic of solar cell v solar cell parameter v applications v reference v device that converts optical energy into electrical energy. The amorphous word with respect to solar cell means that the comprising silicon material of the cell lacks a definite arrangement of atoms in the lattice, noncrystalline structure, or.
It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light individual solar cell devices can be. Schematic diagram of the band structure of a heterojunction organic solar cell. It utilizes photovoltaic effect to convert light energy into electrical energy. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. Note down the observation of voltage and current in table 1. For the purpose of the electrical characteristics of a solar cell, the inside of that black box can be described by an electric cicuit with only 4components. The solar cells photovoltic performance in terms of efficiency, voltage, and current was tested with a standard illumination of airmass 1.
In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. Socalled thinfilm solar panels, although less efficient per square meter, tend to be much cheaper to produce, and they are the technology being tapped to realize the worlds largest proposed pv plant, the rancho cielo solar farm in belen, n. Stc defines cell testing temperature as 25 degrees c. Click on the graph to see how the curve changes for a cell with low ff. Js solar js156m5 solar cell datasheet enf solar cell. The efficiency of a solar cell is the ratio of the electrical power it delivers to the load, to the optical power incident on the cell. Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances. The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaics. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.
This video summarizes how a solar cell turns lightinduced mobile charges into electricity. Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon. Thinfilm solar cells can be manufactured at lower cost in large production quantities. Schematic diagram of the band structure of an organic solar cell having only one material in the active layer and di. The most obvious use for solar cells is to serve as the primary building block for creating a solar. Vary the load resistance through band switch and note down the current and voltage readings every time in table 1. The course is a tour through the fundamental disciplines including solar cell history, why we need solar energy, how solar cells produce power, and how they work. Photovoltaics electrical characteristics solar power.
Understanding the currentvoltage characteristics of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells by considering inhomogeneous current distributions invited paper o. Therefore, asi amorphous solar cell is comparatively cheaper and widely available. Solar cells are characterized using a voltage current curve. A structure that converts solar energy directly to dc electric energy. May 15, 2018 solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. A solar module can be seen as a black box that with two connectors, producing a current, i, at a voltage, u. The solar cell produce electricity while light strikes on it. The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics,such as current,voltage,or resistance,vary when exposed to light. In chapter 21, which is the last chapter of the regular text, we discuss solar fuels, which allow to store solar energy on the long term in the form of chemical energy. Set the distance between solar cell and lamp in such a way that current meter shows 250 a deflections.
Js solar together with its foreign partners has developed and implemented a hightech product production line in comliance with all european models and standards. If the solar cell is open circuited, then all of the isc flows through the. The efficiency of conversion of solar cell depends mainly on internal quantum efficiency of solar cell and on parasitic resistances. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. The following are the different types of solar cells. Load the silicon wafers next to the sources with the.
A solar cell also known as a photovoltaic cell or pv cell is defined as an electrical device that converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Light, which is pure energy, enters a pv cell and imparts enough energy to some electrons negatively charged atomic particles to free them. It supplies a voltage and a current to a resistive load light, battery, motor. Fabrication, optimization and characterization of natural dye.
The basic characteristics of a solar cell are the shortcircuit current i sc, the opencircuit voltage v oc, the fill factor ff and the solar energy conversion efficiency. Introduction to solar cells horizon energy curriculum. Mar 21, 2020 solar energy, radiation from the sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. Solar cell iv characteristic curves show the current and voltage iv characteristics of a particular photovoltaic pv cell, module or array giving a detailed description of its solar energy conversion ability and efficiency. The influence of both the diode saturation current density and of i sc on v oc, ff and.
A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. Typical voltagecurrent characteristics, known as the iv curve, of a diode without illumination is shown in green in figure 2. Whether you are looking for general insight in this green technology or your ambition is to pursue a career in solar, introduction to solar cells is an excellent starting point. Currently, solar energy is recognized as one of the most promising options to address the issue 1,2. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31, 2012 page 2 of 29 diode current aebv 1 comes from the standard iv equation for a diode, plotted above. It highlights the cells physical structure with layers with different dopants, and the roles played by electric fields and diffusion of holes and electrons.
The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar. Remove the quartz boat with the solid, white, phosplus tp. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell.
Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. Rp parallel resistance accounting for current leakage through the solar cell. Although this is basically a junction diode, but constructionally it is littlebit different form conventyional pn junction diode.
Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. With the black silicon and perc technology, improving mono crystalline solar cells efficiency up to 21. This superposition principle is almost valid for all commercial solar cells. For the purpose of the electrical characteristics of a solar cell, the inside of that black box can. Pnjunction diode when the junction is illuminated, a net current flow takes place in an external lead connecting the ptype and ntype. A solar cell also called photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell is a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Cell temperature, which will differ from ambient air temperature. Solar cell fill factor ff graph of cell output current red line and power blu e line as function of voltage. Solar cells are used on spaceships like the international space station pictured below, but are also used on earth in places that get lots of sunlight throughout the year. Solar cell conversion efficiency the standard solar radiation known as the air mass 1.
However, they indicate lower efficiencies than waferbased silicon solar cells, which means that more exposure surface and material for the installation is required for a similar performance. A student introduction to solar energy edx free online. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab pawan kumar srivastva,hemant kumar soni,naresh kumar. Solar energy is abundant, in exhaustible, clean, and cheap. Many different solar cell technologies are being developed, for various applications rooftops, solar power plants, satellites, backpacks or clothing, etc. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and.
Also shown are the cell shortcircuit current isc and opencircuit voltage voc points, as well as the maximum power point vmp, imp. Switch on the lamp to expose the light on solar cell. This process requires firstly, a material in which the absorption of light raises an electron to a higher energy state. Denis ar con ljubljana, may 2011 abstract this seminar is a short overview of current photovoltaics. Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics apparatus. In chapter 20 we introduce different concepts related to solar thermal energy. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31, 2012 page 1 of 29 report details choose any of the solar stations, but take your measurements only when the short circuit current is at least 3.
A solar cell is a semiconductor pn junction diode, normally without an external bias, that provides electrical power to a load when illuminated figure 1. Abstract a matlab programming for the solar pv cell, modules and array is developed and presented in this dissertation. The total amount of solar energy incident on earth is vastly in excess of the worlds energy requirements and could satisfy all future energy needs if suitably harnessed. Basic characteristics and characterization of solar cells. Characteristics of photovoltaic solar cells analog. Under standard test conditions with solar irradiance wm2, t25 o c and air mass ratio of 1. Solar energy is tenuous, undependable, and expensive beyond practicality.
In practice, pn junctions of silicon solar cells are not made in this way, but rather by diffusing an ntype dopant into one. The overwhelming majority of solar cells are fabricated from silicon with increasing efficiency and lowering cost as the materials range from amorphous noncrystalline to polycrystalline to. Solar photovoltaic energy generation and conversion from devices to grid integration by huiying zheng shuhui li, committee chair. However, there are ambivalent views about solar, or photovoltaic, cells ability to supply a significant amount of energy relative to global needs. The working of a solar cell solely depends upon its photovoltaic effect hence a solar cell also known as photovoltaic cell.
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